Війна як загроза когнітивному розвитку дітей-біженців
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2022.9.2.yetКлючові слова:
діти-біженці, когнітивний розвиток, екзекутивна функція, розвиток мови, воєнна травмаАнотація
Воєнну травму часто супроводжують погані умови життя в новому середовищі, які зберігають або й погрішують негативні наслідки війни. Деякі дослідники вивчали досвід дітей-біженців у статусі переміщених осіб. Часто автори зосереджувалися на згубних наслідках війни для психологічного благополуччя дитини, її психічного здоров’я, освітніх умов, соціальної адаптації, якості харчування, фінансових труднощів, безпеки та проблемах вивчення мови. Доведено, що кожен із названих аспектів негативно впливає на когнітивні здібності. Ця праця має за мету проаналізувати ключові дослідження, аби з'ясувати когнітивні та лінгвістичні наслідки перебування в статусі біженця в період раннього дитинства. Автори прагнули виявити несприятливі умови, які впливають на три основні екзекутивні функції мозку дітей-біженців, а саме: оперативну пам’ять, гальмівний контроль і зсув. Окрім когнітивних наслідків, обговорюємо чинники, які можуть вплинути на розвиток рідної мови у цих дітей та їхній досвід спілкування мовою, якою розмовляють у приймаючій країні, у контексті шкільного навчання. Це дослідження засвідчує про те, що у дітей-біженців слід оцінювати їхні когнітивні та мовні здібності після прибуття в країну переселення, щоб можна було визначити їхні потреби та ефективно задовольнити їх. Піклувальникам також слід надавати і психологічну, і фінансову підтримку, щоб вони могли збагатити мову та когніцію їхніх дітей. Крім того, результати дослідження в цій царині слід активно поширювати серед різних зацікавлених сторін, - від піклувальників і вчителів дітей-біженців до громадських організацій та політиків, відповідальних за прийняття рішучих заходів для протидії негативним наслідкам переміщення.
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